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Parasitology

Zoonotic hookworms and roundworms affecting dogs and cats in Europe

02 March 2024
Clinical
11 mins read
02 March 2024
Volume 15 · Issue 2
Figure 3. Eggs of hookworms (Ancylostomatidae) detected in stool sample using floatation.
Figure 3. Eggs of hookworms (Ancylostomatidae) detected in stool sample using floatation.

Abstract

Ascarids and ancylostomatids are parasitic nematodes that are significant to animal and human health. Widespread misconceptions have often contributed to a tendency among the general public and pet owners to underestimate the importance of these intestinal worms. Similarly, there is a low level of concern even within the veterinary community, despite the need to remain vigilant. Understanding the epidemiology, transmission pathways and clinical implications of these infections is crucial in mitigating their impact on public health and animal wellbeing. This article provides a brief overview of zoonotic hookworms and roundworms affecting dogs and cats in Europe, with a focus on their biology, patterns of transmission, associated diseases and strategies for prevention and control. The article emphasises the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between veterinary and human health sectors and the importance of awareness, early detection and effective management of these zoonotic parasites to safeguard both animal and human health.

Different species of ascarids and ancylostomatids, commonly called ‘roundworms’ and ‘hookworms’ respectively, infect the small intestine of dogs and cats in Europe. These parasites are significant to human and animal health, as they are the most important nematodes affecting companion animals globally, in terms of infection rates, geographical distribution and risks to both animal and human health (Traversa, 2012; Morelli et al, 2021).

In Europe, dogs are infected by the roundworm Toxocara canis and the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum, while cats can be infected by T. cati and A. tubaeforme. Less commonly found nematodes such as Toxascaris leonina and Uncinaria stenocephala can infect dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats (Bowman et al, 2010; Traversa, 2012). The raccoon roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis is mostly prevalent in North America, but has been detected in central and northern countries of Europe (Gavin et al, 2005; Popiołek et al, 2011; Al-sabi et al, 2015).

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Cats
Dogs
Europe
Hookworms
Roundworms