Fleas are laterally flattened, dark brown insects around 2–5 mm in size. Although fleas are wingless (Figure 1), they are highly mobile because of their strong hind legs adapted for jumping (Wright...
All puppies and kittens are infected with Toxocara canis and T. cati respectively, at, or shortly after birth (Overgaauw and Van Knapen, 2013). This occurs through transplacental (puppies) and...
Adult fleas lay eggs within 24 hours and can lay 40–50 eggs per day. The eggs hatch in 1–6 days and the larvae can then pupate in as little as 10–20 days under warm, humid conditions. Adult fleas can...
There is no single definition, but best practice is fundamentally a method or technique that complies with all the following criteria:.
Health checking is important to allow early detection of disease and maintain health (RSPCA, 2017a). The findings of this study suggest that while most owners performed some form of health checking,...
The ideal VN to communicate with clients is one who is enthusiastic and passionate about parasite control, the education of clients and improving the care of pets (Tottey, 2015). Whether to have one...
Temperatures below freezing are lethal to adult fleas, dying within 5 days at -1°C and 10 days at 3°C. Survival significantly increases when temperatures exceed 8°C where nearly half of emerged adults...
The Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) is designed to protect countries against the introduction of zoonotic disease. This legislation also serves two-fold to protect pets from disease, but there is...
All three of these parasites are nematodes; A. abstrusus and T. brevior are members of the metastrongyloidae family and E. aerophilus is from the trichuridae family. The cat lungworm (A. abstrusus)...