The patient presented as an emergency referral following a 10-day history of lethargy, hyporexia, urethral obstruction which was previously resolved and dyspnoea due to pleural effusion. 90 ml of...
The pericardium is a double-layered thin, paper like membrane which is attached to the heart at the base. It forms a protective sac and usually contains 2–10 ml of clear, thin, serous fluid which...
The patient was presented to a veterinary surgeon (VS) on observation of respiratory changes by the owner. Clinical signs at this stage included tachypnoea, tachycardia and a pot-bellied abdomen. The...