Decontamination of cats and dogs with suspected poisoning

Decontamination is commonly used in potentially poisoned animals in an attempt to remove the substance, reduce absorption and decrease the severity of poisoning. There are several methods that can be employed including emetics and gastric lavage for emptying the stomach and administration of adsorbents to reduce absorption. Dermal and ocular decontamination may also be required depending on the substance involved.

The choice of method will depend on the substance ingested, time since ingestion, the clinical condition of the animal, the availability of any drugs to be used and the experience of staff.

Any animal that is exhibiting signs of cardiovascular collapse, respiratory distress, or profound neurological depression should be stabilised before decontamination is attempted. If dermal decontamination is to be delayed, collaring should be considered to prevent grooming and ingestion.

In most cases warm water and mild detergents (e.g. shampoo, washing up liquid) are suitable for dermal contaminants. In small patients it is important not to induce hypothermia with the use of cold water. If the substance is a dry powder, decontamination should start with brushing the coat before washing.