Chronic pruritus in dogs: a systematic approach to diagnosis
Abstract
Pruritus is a common reason for visiting the veterinary surgery and pruritic dogs can present as challenging cases to solve. There are many possible causes of pruritus and a systematic approach can help clinicians to identify the cause in most cases. This article attempts to present a simplified and logical approach to diagnosis and show how veterinary nurses can play a vital role in coming to a diagnosis.
Canine dermatological disorders are recognized by veterinary surgeons to be a major problem in small animal practice, with an estimated 15–30% of the dog population worldwide affected by skin conditions (Scott et al, 2001). Many skin condition are associated with pruritus and this is one of the most common reasons for visiting a veterinary practice (personal observation). Itching is upsetting for both the dog and the owner. An itch is an unpleasant sensation of the skin which produces the desire to scratch. While it is possible to suppress a reaction to pain, it is almost impossible to ignore an itch.
Pruritus can be elicited with many skin conditions. A practical diagnostic approach is required to establish the cause of the pruritus. In doing so, it is important to appreciate the phenomenon of ‘pruritic threshold’. This is the level of stimuli that will induce itching in an individual, and this can vary between individuals. Various skin problems can combine stimuli to exceed this threshold resulting in varied severities of itch.
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