Arbour C, Gelinas C. Behavioral and Physiologic Indicators of Pain in Nonverbal Patients with a Traumatic Brain Injury: An Integrative Review. Pain Management Nursing. 2014; 15:(2)506-18
Boothe M, Kottwitz J, Harmon R, Citino SB, Zuba JR, Boothe DM. Results of the megavertebrate analgesia survey: giraffe and hippopotamus. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2016; 47:(4)1049-56
Carstens E, Moberg GP. Recognizing Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals. ILAR Journal. 2000; 41:(2)62-71
Clark JD, Rager DR, Calpin JP. Animal Well-Being II. Stress and Distress. Laboratory Animal Science. 1997; 47:(6)571-9
della Rocca G, Di Salvo A, Giannettoni G, Goldberg ME. Pain and Suffering in Invertebrates: An Insight on Cephalopods. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2015; 10:(2)77-84
Gaertner DJ, Hallman TM, Hankenson FC, Batchelder MA. Anesthesia and analgesia for laboratory rodents. In: Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ (eds). San Diego: American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine Series, Academic Press;
Gentle MJ, Tilston VL. Reduction in peripheral inflammation by changes in attention. Physiol Behav. 1999; 66:289-92
Johnson-Delaney CA Chapter 24 Analgesia and Anaesthesia. In: Johnson-Delaney C (ed). Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2017
Johnston M. Clinical Approach to Analgesia in Ferrets and Rabbits. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine:. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2005; 14:(4)299-335
Keating SCJ, Thomas AA, Flecknell PA, Leach MC. Evaluation of EMLA Cream for Preventing Pain during Tattooing of Rabbits: Changes in Physiological, Behavioural and Facial Expression Responses. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7:(9)1-11
Ko JC, Marini RP. Chapter 12 Anesthesia, Third Edition. In: Fox JG, Marini RP (eds). Ins, Ames, IA: John Wiley & Sons; 2014
Lafferty K, Cital SJ, Goldberg ME. Chapter 13: Analgesia in Exotic Animals, First Edition. In: Goldberg ME, Shaffran N (eds). Inc., Ames, IA: John Wiley & Sons; 2015
Langford DJ Coding facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse. Nature Methods. 2010; 7:(6)
Lichtenberger M, Ko J. Anesthesia and Analgesia for Small Mammals and Birds. Vet Clin Exot Anim. 2007; 10:293-315
Machin KL. Amphibian Pain and Analgesia. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 1999; 30:(1)2-10
Machin K. Wildlife analgesia. In: West G, Heard D, Caulkett N (eds). Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2007
Malik A, Leach M. How do we assess pain in rodents in veterinary practice, what do we know and why it is important?. Veterinary Nursing Journal. 2017; 32:(4)103-8
Mosley C. Pain and Nociception in Reptiles. Vet Clin Exot Anim. 2011; 14:45-60
Mosley CI, Lewbart GA. Chapter 14 Invertebrates, Second Edition. In: West G, Heard D, Caulkett N (eds). Inc, Ames, IA: John Wiley & Sons; 2014
Murphy KL, Baxter MG, Flecknell PA. Anesthesia and analgesia in nonhuman primates, 2nd edition. In: Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T (eds). London: Elsevier/Academic Press;
Neiffer DL, Stamper MA. Fish sedation, analgesia, anesthesia, and euthanasia: Considerations, methods, and types of drugs. ILAR Journal. 2009; 50:343-60
Murphy PJ, Ludders JW. Avian analgesia. Vet Clin North Am: Exotic Anim Prac. 2001; 4:35-45
Posner LP Pain and Distress in Fish: A Review of the Evidence. ILAR Journal. 2009; 50:(4)327-8
Shaffran N. Pain Management: The Veterinary Technician's Perspective. Vet Clin Small Anim. 2008; 38:1415-28
Shaffran N, Grubb T. Chapter 28 Pain Management, 8th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2015
Sladky KK. Chapter 18 Analgesia, Current Therapy in Reptile Medicine and Surgery. In: Mader Douglas R., Divers Stephen J. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2014
Sneddon LU. Clinical anesthesia and analgesia in fish. J Exotic Pet Med. 2012; 21:32-43
Sotocinal SG, Sorge RE, Zaloum A The Rat Grimace Scale: A partially automated method for quantifying pain in the laboratory rat via facial expressions. Molecular Pain. 2011; 7
Souza M, Cox S. Tramadol use in zoologic medicine. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract. 2011; 14:117-30
Stevens CW. Analgesia in Amphibians: Preclinical Studies and Clinical Applications. Vet Clin Exot Anim. 2011; 14:33-44
van Oostrom H, Schoemaker NJ, Uilenreef JJ. Pain management in ferrets. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract. 2011; 14:(1)105-16
Walker DK, Barton-Burke M, Saria MG Everyday Advocates: Nursing Advocacy Is a Full-Time Job. American Journal of Nursing. 2015; 115:(8)66-70
Weber ES. Fish analgesia: pain, stress, fear aversion or nociception?. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract. 2011; 14:(1)21-32
Wesselman L, Cital SJ, Goldberg ME. Chapter 14: Analgesia for Zoo and Wildlife Practice, First Edition. In: Goldberg ME, Shaffran N (eds). Inc., Ames, IA: John Wiley & Sons; 2015
Whiteside DP. Chapter 6 Analgesia, Second Edition. In: West G, Heard D, Caulkett N (eds). Inc, Ames, IA: John Wiley & Sons; 2014
Wolfensohn S, Honess P. Handbook of primate husbandry and welfare.Oxford: Blackwell; 2005