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How to be a pain management advocate for exotic and zoo animals

02 September 2017
Practical
14 mins read
02 September 2017
Volume 8 · Issue 7

Abstract

Veterinary nurses must advocate for their painful patients. This does not just include companion animals but extends to all species. An understanding of pain physiology, pain scoring systems and species-specific signs of pain are imperative for the veterinary nurse. How does pain management for these species differ from those of more traditional species? What can be done to educate clients and zoological staff about pain in animals that they work with daily?

This article will first look at how veterinary nurses became advocates for their patients. Naturally, the published literature will be considered including human nursing where most of the evidence can be found.

Nursing leaders since the time of Florence Nightingale have envisioned advocacy for both patients and caregivers as an integral part of nursing's mission. The first ‘Nightingale nurses’ began training in 1860 and spread throughout the UK and the British Empire. While advocacy on behalf of patients and caregivers has remained a central concern — the American Nurses Association (ANA) publication Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice identifies advocacy for safe, effective practice environments as a responsibility of the professional nurse (Walker et al, 2015) (ANA, 2015) Nursing occurs in any environment where there is a healthcare consumer in need of care, information, or advocacy (ANA, 2015). Nurses can fulfil the role of patient advocate by determining the best interests of their patients and using their own voices to promote those interests (Walker et al, 2015).

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communication
pain and stress
signs of pain
exotics and zoo animals