Evaluation of equine superficial digital flexor tendon lesions

01 November 2012
12 mins read
Volume 3 · Issue 9

Abstract

Tendon injuries are commonplace in the equine athlete and are reported to be one of the most prevalent forms of musculoskeletal injuries occurring in horses competing in all disciplines. The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the more commonly injured of the flexor tendons, accounting for 75–93% of clinical cases; research suggests that lesions typically occur at the mid-metacarpal level in the ‘core’ or central region of the SDFT.

Aims and objectives:

The aim of this research was to increase knowledge regarding the susceptibility to injury of specific topographical regions within the SDFT, and to identify any relationship between topographical location and lesion severity to laterality and the equestrian discipline the subjects competed in.

Method:

Secondary data were ultrasound scans from the forelimb SDFTs of horses (n =100) presenting with primary ‘core’ lesions. Topographical location, percentage distribution of the lesion entirety and the echogenicity of lesions were ascertained and graded. Statistical analysis identified if any significant differences were present between discipline competed in and right and left forelimb lesion severity within the population.

Results:

No significant differences were exposed between competitive discipline or right and left forelimb lesions severity (p >0.05). Lesions that present in the mid-metacarpal region of the SDFT comprised the greater percentage of the total clinical lesion and exhibited higher echogenicity scores, suggesting they were more severe in nature.

Conclusions:

The study confirmed that the mid-metacarpal region of the SDFT exhibited more severe legions in comparison with the proximal and distal regions; however, no differences between disciplines or with reference to laterality were observed. Although these results can only be applied to this population, they suggest that ultrasonographic evaluation of topography and echogenicity translated to severity scores can aid in the diagnosis of tendon pathology and subjects’ subsequent rehabilitation regimen.

Competition, regardless of discipline, exposes the modern equine athlete to the risk of injury, which contributes significantly to days lost from competition and training as well as wastage of horses (Stover, 2003). Tendon injuries are commonplace in the equine athlete (Dyson, 2002), are reported to be one of the most prevalent forms of musculoskeletal injuries occurring in horses competing in all disciplines (O'Sullivan, 2007;Reardon et al, 2012) and remain a significant cause of wastage in racehorses in particular (Williams et al, 2001; Dyson, 2004;Reardon et al, 2012). Tendonitis is defined as non-traumatic injury to a tendon, but in the horse tendinopathy or tendon disease have been adopted by the veterinary profession as they incorporate the inflammatory cascade responses commonly associated with tendon injury (Smith and McIlwraith, 2012).

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